DMSO的性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用

英文名稱 ： Dimethyl Sulfoxide
中文名稱 ： 二甲基亞砜
Molecular Weight：  78.13344 [g/mol] 
Molecular Formula：  C2H6OS
H-Bond Donor：  0
H-Bond Acceptor：  1
Formal Charge：  0
Complexity：  29

品種有：工業(yè)級(jí)二甲基亞砜、藥用級(jí)二甲基亞砜、外用藥級(jí)二甲基亞砜、無水級(jí)二甲基亞砜、試劑級(jí)二甲基亞砜、光譜純級(jí)二甲基亞砜、電子級(jí)二甲基亞砜；工業(yè)級(jí)二甲基硫醚、試劑級(jí)二甲基硫醚、食用級(jí)二甲基硫醚；工業(yè)級(jí)二甲基、藥用級(jí)二甲基砜、食品級(jí)二甲基砜；工業(yè)級(jí)甲硫醇鈉等其他化學(xué)產(chǎn)品。

工業(yè)級(jí)-DMSO用途：
主要用于無水有機(jī)化學(xué)合成反應(yīng)和醫(yī)藥及中間體合成反應(yīng)溶劑，使用該溶劑能提高化學(xué)反應(yīng)速度，提高反應(yīng)物的了收率，縮短反應(yīng)時(shí)間，使合成反應(yīng)變得更加順利。
藥用級(jí)-DMSO用途：
主要用于醫(yī)藥及中間體合成反應(yīng)溶劑，醫(yī)藥溶劑及藥物的載體等，使用該溶劑能提高化學(xué)應(yīng)速度，提高反應(yīng)物收率。
無水級(jí)-DMSO用途：
主要用于醫(yī)藥及中間體合成反應(yīng)溶劑，醫(yī)藥溶劑及藥物的載體等，使用該溶劑能提高化學(xué)應(yīng)速度，提高反應(yīng)物收率
外用藥-DMSO用途：
DMSO本身具有醫(yī)療作用，起到止痛，消腫，化淤，對(duì)皮膚病亦有特殊作用。本品主要使用于醫(yī)療和藥物添加劑及藥物載體方面使用
試劑級(jí)-DMSO用途:
DMSO用作液體層析溶劑，同時(shí)用作測(cè)試物質(zhì)紫外消光值上時(shí)用作參照物，存在于液體形態(tài)。
電子級(jí)-DMSO用途：
電子級(jí)DMSO主要用電子電路板蝕刻后的清洗，同時(shí)用于稀土金屬的生產(chǎn)及清、電容器電子器件。
二甲基砜（MSM）的用途：
二甲基砜用于人體保健，是人體不可缺少的有機(jī)生物硫元素。同時(shí)用于化工合成、油墨、高溫介質(zhì)等有機(jī)化工中間體。
甲硫醇鈉（R-SNa）用途：
主要用于醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)藥、蛋氨酸、橡膠硫化劑中間體。

性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用 ：

A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. It dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.

生物學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 ：

DMSO is used in PCR to inhibit secondary structures in the DNA template or the DNA primers. It is added to the PCR mix before reacting, where it interferes with the self-complementarity of the DNA, preventing the occurrence of interfering reactions. However, use of DMSO in PCR increases the mutation rate. PCR體系中DMSO的量一般不超過總體積的4% 。

醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用：

In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions. Without it, up to 90 percent of frozen cells will become inactive. It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% DMSO and 90% fetal bovine serum, In the cryogenic freezine of heteroploid cell lines (MDCK, VIRO, etc)a mixture of 10% DMSO with 90% EMEM (70% EMEM + 30% fetal bovine serum + antibiotic mixture.) As part of an autologous bone marrow transplant the DMSO is re-infused along with the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells.

參考 ：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide

http://www.dmso.org/articles/information/muir.htm

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIAL/ 472301